{"id":3830,"date":"2020-12-22T13:02:26","date_gmt":"2020-12-22T12:02:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pq-as-a-service.com\/glossary\/"},"modified":"2021-10-13T06:08:10","modified_gmt":"2021-10-13T05:08:10","slug":"glossary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pq-as-a-service.com\/en\/glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"<div  class='av-hotspot-image-container av-kf5asxoi-c3e76dd6ccbf4ec3569d5ae83998dd73  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first  av-hotspot-numbered av-mobile-fallback-active  av-non-fullwidth-hotspot-image'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class='av-hotspot-container'><div class='av-hotspot-container-inner-cell'><div class='av-hotspot-container-inner-wrap'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-1115 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-1115 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pq-as-a-service.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Glossar-Kopie-scaled.png?resize=1500%2C430&ssl=1\" alt='' title='Glossary copy'  height=\"430\" width=\"1500\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pq-as-a-service.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Glossar-Kopie-scaled.png?w=2560&amp;ssl=1 2560w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pq-as-a-service.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Glossar-Kopie-scaled.png?resize=300%2C86&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pq-as-a-service.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Glossar-Kopie-scaled.png?resize=1030%2C295&amp;ssl=1 1030w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pq-as-a-service.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Glossar-Kopie-scaled.png?resize=768%2C220&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pq-as-a-service.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Glossar-Kopie-scaled.png?resize=1536%2C441&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pq-as-a-service.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Glossar-Kopie-scaled.png?resize=2048%2C587&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pq-as-a-service.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Glossar-Kopie-scaled.png?resize=1500%2C430&amp;ssl=1 1500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pq-as-a-service.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Glossar-Kopie-scaled.png?resize=705%2C202&amp;ssl=1 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-a1c05-dcc6d3541d421113fc3904078c9c2960\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-a1c05-dcc6d3541d421113fc3904078c9c2960{\npadding-bottom:40px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-a1c05-dcc6d3541d421113fc3904078c9c2960 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-a1c05-dcc6d3541d421113fc3904078c9c2960 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-a1c05-dcc6d3541d421113fc3904078c9c2960 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_image_hotspot  el_before_av_icon_box  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Glossary (Explanation of terms)<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-f331723faedfda51cdc97f4d02602e15  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: APFC\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >APFC<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Active power factor correction<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-3ea8125254bc4995520bce17300112f2  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: 3S\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >3S<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>3S is synonymous with Software, Systems and Solutions and is intended to represent a hoilsitic approach to solutions.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-393e1a4b6471e07ad7e4ef2f8254cde6  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: 24\/7\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >24\/7<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>24\/7 stands for general availability in a period of 7 days at 24 hours each. It thus generalises unrestricted availability.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-f51abccc72c509da022cb93442db5a5f  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Blog\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Blog<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The blog \/bl\u0254g\/ or weblog \/\u02c8w\u025bb.l\u0254g\/ (a combination of the English words web and log for logbook or diary) is a diary or journal, usually kept on a website and thus usually open to the public, in which at least one person, the blogger, also known internationally as weblogger, keeps records, posts facts or writes down thoughts. The activity of writing on a blog is called blogging.<\/p>\n<p>Most of the time, a blog is a list of entries sorted chronologically downwards, which is broken up at certain intervals. The blogger is the main author of the content, and often the posts are written from a first-person perspective. The blog forms a medium for presenting aspects of one&#8217;s own life and opinions on specific topics, depending on professionalism up to the level of an internet newspaper with special emphasis on comments. Often, readers&#8217; comments or discussions about an article are also possible. This means that the medium can serve both to file notes in a note box, to make information, thoughts and experiences accessible, and somewhat subordinately also for communication, similar to an internet forum.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-23b1a5ca3f4766631f62cdf7f3f762c4  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: CENELEC\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >CENELEC<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenelec.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CENELEC<\/a> is the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation. CENELEC is therefore responsible for European standardisation in the field of electrical engineering. CENELEC Members (2020) are the National Electrotechnical Committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Northern Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-8ad660f41eccdee1a39b8b44eeafbd22  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: CODESYS\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >CODESYS<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>CODESYS is a manufacturer-independent IEC 61131-3 automation software for project planning of control systems. In this way, device manufacturers realise their own programmable and configurable automation components with CODESYS, which are scalable with calculable effort thanks to a wide range of functions.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-98227cf3f59e2e6579da5468d6fba1c3  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: COMTRADE\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >COMTRADE<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>COMTRADE, an acronym for Common Format for Transient Data Exchange, is a file format specified in IEEE standard C37.111 for storing oscillographic and status data related to transient disturbances in the power system. COMTRADE is maintained by the IEEE Relay Communications Subcommittee of the IEEE Power System Relay Committee (PSRC). More information can be found on the IEEE Power System Relay Committee website.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-cec0595ba0e9cac9a082f7210fabe44d  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: CSV\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >CSV<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>A CSV file, from the English &#8220;<span lang=\"en-Latn\">comma separated values<\/span>&#8220;,describes the structure of a text file for storing or exchanging simply structured data and ends in the data format with csv.<\/p>\n<p>A general standard for the CSV file format does not exist, but it is described fundamentally in RFC 4180. The character encoding to be used is also not specified; 7-bit ASCII code is widely considered the lowest common denominator.<\/p>\n<p>CSV files can be used to represent tables or a list of different lengths.<\/p>\n<p>More complicated, for example nested data structures can be stored by additional rules or in concatenated CSV files. However, to store them in a file, other formats such as JSON, XML or EDIFACT are more suitable.<\/p>\n<p>However, it is important to know that csv exports usually require appropriate expertise. If you use the MS Excel format, you will notice that Excel translates the files according to the Excel settings, which will lead to changed terms and representations and thus inevitably to conflicts.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-07e2d888319f471c2152a2187123dd28  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: DACHCZ\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >DACHCZ<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The D-A-CH-CZ establishes technical rules for the assessment of grid feedback. As can already be seen from the wording, various countries participate in this rule as editors.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-16809dd5ab48efa98bbdb1269b9c0c25  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Decarbonization of the Internet\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Decarbonization of the Internet<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Here, it is described under various aspects how the ever-increasing volume of data should behave in the context of reducing CO2, i.e. in terms of climate change. Crucial to this are intentions such as charters, Fridays for Future, declarations of intent such as in Davos 2020, EU guidelines on reducing energy demand, etc. Companies such as HPE, Ethernetics, etc. provide products and software services for this purpose. To this end, companies such as HPE, Ethernetics, etc. provide products and software services (SaaS) that are intended to make these goals climate-positive as well as economically attractive.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-85181c1c0b7d676ace942e127c004f6c  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Demand Side Power Quality (DSPQ)\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Demand Side Power Quality (DSPQ)<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Here, the process for safeguarding the power quality on the consumer side is defined according to PoCC as per IEC TR 63191.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-238374fd753a002a09c1d6e57a513643  avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Distributed Energy Ressources (DER)\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Distributed Energy Ressources (DER)<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Distributed Energy Resources (DER) are energy sources such as small power plants, wind turbines, or photovoltaic systems that contribute to stable energy production through aggregation.<\/p>\n<p>Distributed Energy Resources (DER) are energy sources such as small power plants, wind turbines, or photovoltaic systems that contribute to stable energy production through aggregation. In this context, one also speaks of distributed generation. The small-scale systems are integrated into the smart grid or microgrid of the low-voltage grid, which can lead to degradation of power quality due to voltage spikes or blackout. Distributed Energy Resources (DER) form a useful extension of the existing low-voltage grid and are typically installed close to consumption, such as on an electric customer&#8217;s rooftop. Energy generation is recorded in meters that are transmitted to the smart meter gateway (SMGW).<\/p>\n<p>The capacity of DER power generation plants ranges from a few kilowatts (kW) to about 50 MW. Electricity can also be generated by generators or by water-powered microturbines.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-b4ec38f734bc0c792f87023bc2bd2d53  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Disruption (Disruptive technologies)\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Disruption (Disruptive technologies)<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Disruptive technologies are innovations that replace the winning streak of an existing technology, product or service, or drive it completely out of the market and render obsolete the investments of previously dominant market players. Often disruptions are not to be seen as a single element, but involve an upstream and downstream chain. For this reason, disruptive technologies from other or entirely new market competitors often present established companies with major challenges. <sup id=\"cite_ref-:0_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-e8ebaeb72dc14b983daa0d83b33d8e3e  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: DranView\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >DranView<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>DranView is a power quality analysis software for Mavowatt and HDPQ series mobile meters. This enables experts to quickly and easily display and evaluate data on network quality and monitoring.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-3a4336d8e6887c30825273974d1aa165  avia-builder-el-16  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: EMC\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >EMC<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) refers to the ability of a technical device not to interfere with other devices by unwanted electrical or electromagnetic effects or to be interfered with by other devices. Unintentional mutual interference is not only a question of technology in electrical engineering, but also one of law. Power quality is therefore a subchapter of EMC and is defined in IEC61000-x-xx.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-c8fd6030ec933c1b2033781e5f9f1fe8  avia-builder-el-17  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: EN 50600\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >EN 50600<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>EN 50600 defines the standards for data centre facilities and infrastructures.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-f024a63ad8d363e4f167ad705a3e4021  avia-builder-el-18  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: EN 50160\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >EN 50160<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Characteristics of voltage in LV, MV and HV public supply networks (measurement at PCC). It also serves as a contractual safeguard of the grid quality between the energy supplier and the energy customer. It is not useful for assessing the power quality within a consumer network, as actual faults according to the PCC are often not reflected in the statistical assessment.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-bceb7041ee8ccf7514ca1b4ce6b0756d  avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: EVU\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >EVU<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>EVU stands for an energy supply company that distributes energy to the PCC but can also generate energy.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-3c1eeb7372039823fc169841d1cf16fe  avia-builder-el-20  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Heatmap\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Heatmap<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Heat maps are a method in energy management to clearly depict three-dimensional data in only two dimensions. Here, the two axes of the two-dimensional space represent two time dimensions (e.g. date and course of the day), while the value dimension is visualised by a colour gradient. This means that all consumption data for long periods (from several months to years) can now be displayed at a glance.<\/p>\n<p>Many consumption patterns that are very difficult to see in the traditional consumption graph are immediately revealed by the heat map.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-69bb950eaf471e962a2d79db54182017  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: High voltage\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >High voltage<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>High voltage defines the transmission voltage in a network between 52kV (60kV) and 110kV.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-faa12cfb53eb2bb29a18979d8d97f0d5  avia-builder-el-22  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Maximum voltage\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Maximum voltage<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Transmission grids in the range of 220 kV, 380 kV, 500 kV, 700 kV, 1150 kV. These are used for large-scale supply, form <a title=\"Integrated grid\" href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Verbundnetz\">interconnected grids<\/a> for supraregional energy exchange and the connection of large-scale power plants.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-3e31821f89943a79dc820ee402934a6a  avia-builder-el-23  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: IEC\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >IEC<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iec.ch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">IEC<\/a> stands for the International Electrotechnical Commission organisation and defines international standards and conformity assessment for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-c66720e64f91fa342e00ff4e3ce61876  avia-builder-el-24  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: IEC 61000-4-30 Ed. 3\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >IEC 61000-4-30 Ed. 3<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Method for measuring the power quality of the network. According to chapter 5.9.1 &#8220;Measurement method&#8221;: Measurement up to the 50th harmonic (bandwidth of 2.5 kHz at 50 Hz, requires a minimum sampling rate of 5 kHz).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-3167eefeaa85edc72cfbfbe71dbf511f  avia-builder-el-25  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: IEC 61850\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >IEC 61850<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>IEC 61850 ist ein internationaler Standard, der Kommunikationsprotokolle f\u00fcr intelligente elektronische Ger\u00e4te in elektrischen Unterstationen definiert. It is part of the reference architecture of the Technical Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for electrical power systems. The abstract data models defined in IEC 61850 can be mapped to a number of protocols. Current assignments in the standard are MMS (Manufacturing Message Specification), GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event), SMV (Sampled Measured Values) and Web Services. These protocols can run over TCP \/ IP networks or substation LANs using high-speed switched Ethernet to achieve the required response times of less than four milliseconds for the protection relays.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-088da2b66458a6dbd97b307c5a0def38  avia-builder-el-26  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: IEC 61850-GOOSE\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >IEC 61850-GOOSE<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>GOOSE stands for &#8220;generic object-oriented substation event&#8221; and is a particularly fast communication service that works independently of the communication between the server (bay controller) and client (ward control center).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-dc84f5967781701e0aa748410e84c3c7  avia-builder-el-27  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: IEC 61850-MMS\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >IEC 61850-MMS<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>MMS stands for Manufacturing Messaging Specification and is used for the object-oriented exchange of data in the production area. It is used for coupling distributed automation systems.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-483c40d15741b7d49358cd336df56704  avia-builder-el-28  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: IRIG Timecode\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >IRIG Timecode<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Interrange instrumentation group time codes , commonly known as IRIG time code , are standard formats for transmitting timing information. Atomic frequency standards and GPS receivers for precise timing are often equipped with an IRIG output. The standards were developed by the Tele Communications Working Group of the\u00a0<a title=\"Bereichs\u00fcbergreifende Instrumentierungsgruppe\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inter-Range_Instrumentation_Group\">Inter-Range Instrumentation Group<\/a>\u00a0(IRIG) of the US military , the standardisation body of the\u00a0<a class=\"new\" title=\"Range Commanders Council (Seite existiert nicht)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Range_Commanders_Council&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">RRange Commanders Council, created <\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Work on these standards began in October 1956 and the original standards were accepted in 1960.<\/p>\n<p>The original formats were described in IRIG Document 104-60, later revised and reissued in August 1970 as IRIG Document 104-70, later upgraded this year as an IRIG document to the statusI of a standard, IRIG Standard 200-70. The latest version of the standard is IRIG Standard 200-16, dated August 2016.<\/p>\n<p>The IRIG time code is subdivided into the following subgroups, which are distinguished by the number of synchronisation pulses transmitted per second, the data formats and the used <a title=\"Modulation (Technik)\" href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Modulation_(Technik)\">modulation techniques<\/a>\u00a0differ from each other:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>IRIG A: 1000 Impulse per Second<\/li>\n<li>IRIG B: 100 Impulse per Second<\/li>\n<li>IRIG D: 1 Impuls per Minute<\/li>\n<li>IRIG E: 10 Impulse per Second<\/li>\n<li>IRIG G: 10000 Impulse per Second<\/li>\n<li>IRIG H: 1 Impulse per Second<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-e9fe1bf4272d323905c4528dfa7190e1  avia-builder-el-29  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: ITIC\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >ITIC<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.powerqualityworld.com\/2011\/04\/itic-power-acceptability-curve.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ITIC curve<\/a> is a modified version of the CBEMA power acceptance curve, but the concept remains unchanged. It was developed by a CBEMA working group that changed its name to the Information Technology Industry Council (ITI) in 1994. In addition, the ITIC curve was created in collaboration with EPRI&#8217;s Power Electronics Application Center (PEAC). The aim was to derive a curve that could better reflect the performance of typical single-phase 120 V, 60 Hz computers and their peripherals, as well as other information technology elements such as fax machines, copiers and point-of-sale terminals.<\/p>\n<p>The ITIC curve has been applied to general power quality assessment, although just like the CBEMA curve, it has been developed mainly for 120 V computer equipment. It is also used as a reference to define the resistance of various loads and devices to protect against power quality problems. This is because the curve is generally applicable to other equipment containing solid state devices, apart from being specifically applicable to computer type equipment. But one should be careful and keep in mind that the ITIC curve is not meant to reflect the performance of ALL electronic-based devices. There are too many variables &#8211; power load, rated operating voltage level and process complexity &#8211; to attempt to apply a one-size-fits-all ITIC curve.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-8bbce9c2d3c04abb70bfc2697701234c  avia-builder-el-30  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: IPC\u2019s (In-Plant Points of Coupling)\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >IPC\u2019s (In-Plant Points of Coupling)<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>According to IEC [TR] 63191, this defines the network distribution according to the Point of Common Coupling (PoCC). So it is on the consumer side.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-2d31b7e601c6a422aef19103f09c46c9  avia-builder-el-31  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Calibration\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Calibration<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The topics of calibration, adjustment and certification are often mixed up or even confused with each other. During calibration, nothing else is examined but whether the respective measuring device delivers the accuracy of the measurement data according to the criteria of the specification (e.g. according to IEC, etc.). In this process, variables are simulated on the input side of the measuring device by a calibrated generator, to which the measuring device reacts with an equivalent value. This output value must then correspond to the relevant specifications within the tolerance window. If this is not the case, the calibration has failed and the customer must decide whether a readjustment is an option for him. If the measuring instrument passes the calibration, this is confirmed by a calibration certificate. In the case of calibration, a distinction is also made between factory calibration and accredited calibration, which may only be carried out by an accredited (officially approved) company.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-99378ebdc0fb16893847fed5928978e9  avia-builder-el-32  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Class A in context IEC 61000-4-30 Ed. 3\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Class A in context IEC 61000-4-30 Ed. 3<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Measuring instruments according to IEC 61000-4-30 <strong>Class A<\/strong> provide measured values that are comparable across measuring instruments and manufacturers. In the case of legal cases, class A is mandatory.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-965ea885f8ebf153a2859ad52e128b03  avia-builder-el-33  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Class S in context IEC 61000-4-30 Ed. 3\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Class S in context IEC 61000-4-30 Ed. 3<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>IEC 61000-4-30 <strong>class S<\/strong> power quality analysers are intended for basic \/ advanced power quality analysis and provide useful monitoring data. Instruments that meet the Class S performance requirements are used for statistical power quality surveys and contractual applications where there are no potential disputes, i.e. no comparable measurements are required. The accuracy and performance requirements for class S are less stringent than for class A and thus also set lower in price. They are often used in industrial and supply engineering.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-289bf64a39ae39f4856bb9a4ceba2227  avia-builder-el-34  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: KPI\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >KPI<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The KPI stands for Key Performance Indicator, i.e. a key figure that indicates a partial status of a situation. It is imperative that this figure be subjected to a dynmaic in order to detect changes and derive measures from them. KPIs are often confused with overall goals, i.e. the result (e.g. target figures, budget figures, etc.). This leads to not following the actual triggers to reach the goal and the result does not fit the planned goal. Therefore, KPIs should also monitor the triggers for target achievement.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-e220807e514aea364ec60e7554cfe0bf  avia-builder-el-35  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Measuring campaign\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Measuring campaign<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>A measurement campaign describes a specific measurement over a defined period of time. The time period depends on the type of measurement (e.g. EN 50160 requires a recording of at least 7 days) and the expected result (e.g. energy balance in the distribution network).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-c5593b58d2f3ff5ef7563f52ba9fa215  avia-builder-el-36  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Trasnmitter (Transducer) according IEC 60688\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Trasnmitter (Transducer) according IEC 60688<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>This International Standard applies to transmitters (transducer) with electrical inputs and outputs to measure AC or DC electrical quantities. The output signal can be an analog DC current, an analog DC voltage or it can be in digital form. In the latter case, the part of the transmitter used for communication purposes must be compatible with the external system. This standard applies to transmitters used to convert electrical quantities such as current, voltage, active power, reactive power, power factor, phase angle, frequency, harmonic or harmonic content (distortion), apparent power into an output signal.<\/p>\n<p>This standard is not applicable to instrument transformers conforming to the IEC 60044 series of standards, transducers for industrial process control conforming to the IEC 60770 series of standards, and instruments for measurement and monitoring of operational behavior (PMD) conforming to the IEC 61557-12 standard.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-0baf0f07a5c56ef89ca10211740bdc7d  avia-builder-el-37  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: METAS\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >METAS<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The Swiss Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS) is the competence centre of the Swiss Confederation for all questions of measurement, for measuring instruments and measuring procedures. As such, it has the mandate to ensure that measurement in Switzerland can be carried out with the accuracy required for the needs of the economy, research and administration. Through metrology, it also acquires an international character.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-4b0864e8802c1f6ac62e2757994e3249  avia-builder-el-38  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Meter\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Meter<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The term meter is often used abroad as a substitute for Power Monitoring Devices (PMD).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-a0fb9d48f978fad4f7064fc3edcb6500  avia-builder-el-39  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Medium voltage\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Medium voltage<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>In <a title=\"Electrical power engineering\" href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elektrische_Energietechnik\">electrical power engineering<\/a>, <b>medium voltage<\/b> is understood to be high voltage in the range above 1 kV up to and including 52 kV. The upper limit is not clearly defined. Areas of application are the supply of smaller cities and interurban supply. Smaller power plants and larger industrial plants are also connected at this voltage level.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-d682da43ac907200d14559c42040d926  avia-builder-el-40  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: MQTT\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >MQTT<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>MQQT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) describes an open network protocol for machine-to-machine communication that enables the transmission of telemetry data in the form of messages between devices. And this despite high delays or limited networks. In measurement technology, the use of the MQQT protocol is referred to as an IoT-compatible measurement connection.<\/p>\n<p>The advantage of using the protocol is the reduction of communication layers, as the measuring devices no longer communicate exclusively via protocols such as Modbus, IEC61850, REST API, etc. to higher-level systems, which in turn have to communicate the measurement data with other systems in a complex way downwards, sideways or even further upwards. Rather, the measuring device can deliver or receive data directly to various systems. Communication barriers are thus dismantled (Industry 4.0).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-bc9c279bc539c26858c5568cba12bac0  avia-builder-el-41  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Low voltage\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Low voltage<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Low voltage is usually considered to be the range up to 1,000 VAC.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-bb46d11b4ca1de3f7f28959872a9e260  avia-builder-el-42  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Urbanisation\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Urbanisation<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Urbanisation is the spread of urban lifestyles. This can be expressed on the one hand in the growth of cities (physical urbanisation or &#8220;urbanisation&#8221; in the narrower sense), on the other hand through an infrastructural development of rural regions comparable to urban standards (functional urbanisation) and through changed social behaviour of the inhabitants of rural areas (social urbanisation). While the term urbanisation stands more for the expansion of old cities through building activity, commercial and industrial areas, urbanisation includes processes of social change.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-1a40be91bb6666a3c7313409c57c4abb  avia-builder-el-43  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: PDCA\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >PDCA<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p class=\"reference\"><span id=\"view:dOCUMENTNAME1\">PDCA, also called Deming Circle, stands for Plan-Do-Check-Action and was invented for quality assurance. The cycle describes continuous learning and improvement and has not lost its meaning since its first publication in the 1930s until today. But often the headings Plan and Do are interchanged and confused, which can lead to confusion and standstills in the processes. The Check &amp; Action part is essential as this is where the improvements are to be implemented. Key performance indicators (KPIs, SPIs), which are indicative and show the actual status, are essential.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-5553e365353d73b581ec7b96897d4035  avia-builder-el-44  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Power Quality Instrument (PQI)\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Power Quality Instrument (PQI)<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p class=\"reference\"><span id=\"view:dOCUMENTNAME1\">Definition eines Messger\u00e4tes gem\u00e4ss IEC 62586-1\/2 zur Analyse der Netzqualit\u00e4t in Stromversorgungssystemen.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-8423b864038c4db83479f295b9efdf1c  avia-builder-el-45  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Power Quality Monitor (PQM)\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Power Quality Monitor (PQM)<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The term PQM is often used as a substitute for the correct term PQI according to IEC.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-72e5670b54d6467da4ad54a0ace99480  avia-builder-el-46  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Power Monitoring Device (PMD)\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Power Monitoring Device (PMD)<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The IEC 61557-12 standard describes the requirements for power measurement and monitoring devices (PMD) used to measure and monitor the electrical quantities in power distribution systems and optionally other external signals. These requirements also define the power in single-phase and three-phase AC or DC systems with nominal voltages of up to 1 000 V AC or up to 1 500 V DC<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-f7fd9a99d4f371b8454fe79a9e762a0c  avia-builder-el-47  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Point of Common Coupling (PCC)\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Point of Common Coupling (PCC)<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>This point defines the contractual transfer point from the energy supplier to the consumer.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-71a035d1d479e6926bafdbe65c8d5169  avia-builder-el-48  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: PQ\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >PQ<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p class=\"reference\"><span id=\"view:dOCUMENTNAME1\">PQ is short for power quality and has become an internationally recognised synonym.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-86a87638feda870f96d208586f028199  avia-builder-el-49  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: PQaaS\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >PQaaS<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p class=\"reference\">PQaaS stands for Power Quality as a Service and is based on the service understanding of the data centre scene. Here, the focus is on services for all industrial sectors, which not only relate to classical measurement, but go further. For example, analyses, troubleshooting, consulting, software services, project planning, etc.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-b4c1d72b46d83e8c5c1743e1646964fc  avia-builder-el-50  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: PQDIF\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >PQDIF<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>PQDIF, an acronym for Power Quality Data Interchange Format, is a file format specified in IEEE Standard 1159.3 that is used to exchange voltage, current, power, and energy measurements between software applications. PQDIF is maintained by the IEEE P1159.3 Task Force of the IEEE Working Group on Monitoring Electric Power Quality. This work is sponsored by the IEEE Power Quality Subcommittee.<\/p>\n<p>Although the PQDIF format has been standardized according to IEEE 1159.3, variances in the data structure are part of everyday life. For this reason it is advisable to check the respective generated PQDIF format for correct readability. This is especially true in the context of higher-level software.<\/p>\n<p>More information can be found on the IEEE P1159.3 Task Force website.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-18b35416acee9d10c5d40733037c98fb  avia-builder-el-51  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: PQView4\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >PQView4<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p class=\"reference\">Developed in collaboration with EPRI\u00ae and Electric Utility partners worldwide, PQView 4 is the flagship product of Electrotek Concepts, Inc. &#8211; designed from the ground up as the industry&#8217;s best power quality data concentrator and analysis software. PQView can collect and store data from multiple sources and provide powerful data analysis and reporting capabilities through a responsive web-enabled user interface.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-70a4066be9ac0313e296a705c14640da  avia-builder-el-52  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: PSA\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >PSA<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p class=\"reference\">PPE stands for Personal Protective Equipment and is defined by standards and official requirements.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-89dec6ff2e6908cc3d2939cdef038441  avia-builder-el-53  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: RBAC\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >RBAC<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p class=\"reference\">Role Based Access Control is a procedure and a design pattern for access control and control to files or services in multi-user systems or computer networks. The RBAC model was described by D. F. Ferraiolo and D. R. Kuhn in 1992 and adopted in 2004 as ANSI standard 359-2004.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-8d9cb66faeaddd9cc86a51696907e9a8  avia-builder-el-54  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Sankey diagram\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Sankey diagram<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>A Sankey diagram is a special type of flow chart in which the flow quantities are indicated by arrows proportional to the quantity: The width of the arrow represents the quantity to scale.<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, in a Sankey diagram, directed flows always run between two nodes (processes); consequently, they transport other information besides quantities, such as the division or structure of systems.<\/p>\n<p>Sankey diagrams are thus an effective alternative to conventional flow charts or bar and pie charts, especially when it comes to representing energy flows and quantity flows in production plants.<\/p>\n<p>Sankey diagrams are used, among other things and significantly, in energy management, facility management (building services engineering), process engineering or plant engineering.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-27ddc43983a5ccb449236c4168deebdf  avia-builder-el-55  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Skin effect\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Skin effect<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The skin effect is the property of alternating currents in which only the surface of a conductor is available for the transport of charge carriers. With direct current, the entire conductor cross-section is flowed through by charge carriers. With alternating current, eddy currents and electric fields are generated depending on the frequency, which displace the charge carriers into the skin of the power unit. In this process, the electric fields serve as carriers of the energy. Thereby, the cross-section of the conductor that can be used for the charge carriers also decreases, whereby the effective resistance of the conductor increases. Simply put, the skin effect describes the tendency of a high-frequency alternating current to flow only through the outer layer of a conductor.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-a46efae28a737c2e4a4bceda990d24ef  avia-builder-el-56  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: SPI\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >SPI<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The SPI is basically the same as the KPI and stands for Success Performance Indicator, i.e. an indicator that shows the partial status of a situation. It is imperative that this figure be subjected to a dynmaic in order to detect changes and derive measures from them. Since KPIs are often confused with overall goals, i.e. the result (e.g. target figures, budget figures, etc.), it is advisable to choose the term SPI. This leads to a better understanding of the actual triggers, i.e. the success factors for achieving the goal, and the result can certainly develop more positively towards the planned goal.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-kev6f9yv-c7b1fc0036f35cd00afb0c63999db960  avia-builder-el-57  el_after_av_icon_box  avia-builder-el-last '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Wide-range power supply unit\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Wide-range power supply unit<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>A wide-range power supply unit is always used where no service socket can be found in the vicinity of a measurement object. This means classically in the area of mobile measurements, e.g. in transformer stations, etc. The wide-range power supply is a voltage transformer with a high safety characteristic. It usually allows connection to the same location of the voltage taps of the actual voltage measurement. Depending on the manufacturer, the wide-range power supply unit can be designed in different forms. For example, with a socket for the PQI power supply unit, as an inline device or as a feature built directly into the PQI.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3830","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Glossary - Power Quality Wissen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Problems of understanding often arise on the subject of security of supply and grid quality, which are resolved here.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pq-as-a-service.com\/en\/glossary\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Glossary - 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